Los Alamos National Laboratory Isotope Program has a rich history of supplying isotopes for medical, industrial, and research and development applications for more than 40 years. Production of a diverse suite of isotopes from the LANL Isotope Program has worldwide impact within the medical field and throughout the scientific community.
To sustain this impact, we continue to develop new capabilities and explore novel production routes to make available a greater variety of isotopes. Our leadership in critical activities including high current targetry, fundamental nuclear data, and novel separations is essential to the DOE Isotope Program. To strategically position the LANL Isotope Program to be responsive to future needs, we support an integrated and robust R&D portfolio to pursue new opportunities, grow our capabilities and improve operational efficiencies.
Medical Applications
The development of new isotopes for application in medicine is an essential area of technical focus, a tremendous opportunity for workforce development, and a platform for multidisciplinary collaboration. Our primary focus is on the development of production methodologies to support the accelerator-based production of theranostic isotopes including therapeutic alpha emitters, (e.g., Ac-225, U-230), Auger emitting isotopes (e.g.,Te-119m/Sb-119), as well as isotopes for imaging (e.g.,Ti-44/Sc-44, Ce-134/La-134). Scale up of Ac-225 to routine, Curie-scale batches is a major ongoing focus between LANL, BNL, and ORNL. To enable future medical isotopes also requires the development of novel targetry, unique radiochemistry and purification capabilities, design of new generator platforms, as well as fundamental nuclear physics to establish unmeasured cumulative reaction cross sections and complex engineering solutions to enable bulk-scale production.
High Power Targetry and Radiochemical Separations
The Isotope Program continues to advance the frontiers of high power targetry, remove facility limitations on target cooling, and expand the IPF production capacity by understanding, shaping and utilizing the available secondary neutron flux available. We pursue robust radiochemical separations, including novel approaches to utilize expertise in inorganic chemistry to inform approach. The chemical challenges to address separation of the desired isotopes from large target masses mandate highly selective and scalable chemistries. The growing need for improved generators for long-lived isotopes and alpha emitters also presents unique challenges to address.
Fundamental Nuclear Physics Studies
We produce isotopes for unique cross section measurements to support astrophysics and fundamental nuclear physics studies. Radioactive isotopes produced at IPF are purified and manufactured into specialty targets for additional experimental testing. A related effort is a focus on the direct measurement of nuclear cross section data at IPF. This work is specifically aimed at filling in the gaps in available data to inform the community, identifying viable isotopes based on needs and production cross sections, and improving the existing physics models used to predict these cross sections.
National security applications are being supported through production of isotopes to meet a variety of emerging mission needs including environmental tracers and calibration isotopes relevant to the forensics community.
Committed to knowledge, science and the next generation of researchers
The LANL Isotope Program is committed to discovery that advances the Nation‘s knowledge base in the core science and engineering fields related to isotope production. The overall research program develops these underpinning needs through pursuit of nuclear data measurements, fundamental separations data, analysis, and modeling that enable future proof-of-concept production development.
Additionally, we are committed to fostering the skills for the next generation of scientists interested in these fields. Workforce development is a key aspect of our research program. We fully support LANL and Office of Science standards for fostering safe, diverse, equitable, and inclusive work and research environments that value mutual respect and personal integrity. Interested students, postdocs and academic/industry collaborators are encouraged to contact us (isotopes@lanl.gov) regarding our research portfolio.
The LA-UR number is LA-UR-22-20988
Becker, K. V., et al., (LANL authors: E. Vermeulen, E. M. O'Brien, E. R. Birnbaum, F. M. Nortier), 2020: Cross section measurements for proton induced reactions on natural natLa. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 468, 81-88.
Friend, M. T., T. G. Parker, T. Mastren, V. Mocko, M. Brugh, E. R. Birnbaum, and M. E. Fassbender, 2020: Extraction chromatography of 225AC and lanthanides on N,N-dioctyldiglycolamic acid / 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulonyl)imide solvent impregnated resin. J. Chromatography A., 1624, 461219.
Friend, M. T., T. Mastren, T. G. Parker, C. E. Vermeulen, M. Brugh, E. R. Birnbaum, F. M. Nortier, and M. E. Fassbender, 2020: Production of 230Pa by proton irradiation of 232Th at the LANL Isotope Production Facility: Precursor of 230U for targeted alpha therapy. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 156, 108973.
Kuvin, S. A., H. Y. Lee, T. Kawano, B. DiGiovine, A. Georgiadou, C. Vermeulen, M. White, L. Zavorka, and H. I, Kim, 2020: Nonstatistical fluctuations in the 35Cl(n,p)35S reaction cross section at fast-neutron energies from 0.6 to 6 Mev. Phys. Rev. C, accepted.
O'Brien, E. M., S. A. Baily, E. R. Birnbaum, C. Chapman, E. A. Espinoza, J. A. Faucett, J. O. Hill, K. D. John, P. S. Marroquin, R. C. McCrady, D. E. Norman, F. M. Nortier, J. F. O'Hara, E. R. Olivas, A. R. Patten, M. Pieck, L. J. Rybarcyk, J. F. Snyder, E. A. Swensen, R. A. Valicenti, C. Vermeulen, H. A. Watkins, and K. A. Woloshun, 2020: Novel design and diagnostics improvements for the increased production capacity and improved reliability at the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 956, 163316.
Woen, D. H., et al., (LANL authors: C. Eiroa-Lledo, A. C. Akin, N. H. Anderson, K. T. Bennett, E. R. Birnbaum, M. Brugh, E. Dalodiere, S. A. Kozimor, L. M. Lilley, V. Mocko, S. L. Theimann, F. D. White) 2020: A solid-state support for separating Astatine-211 from Bismuth. Inorg. Chem., 59, 6137-6146.
Abel, E., et al., (LANL authors: E. Birnbaum, T. Bredeweg, A. Couture) 2019: Isotope harvesting at FRIB: Additional opportunities for scientific discovery. J. Phys. G Nucl. Partic., 46, 100051.
Bennett, K. T., S. E. Bone, A. C. Akin, E. R. Birnbaum, A. V. Blake, M. Brugh, S. R. Daly, J. W. Engle, M. E. Fassbender, M. G. Ferrier, S. A. Kozimor, L. M. Lilley, C. A. Martinez, V. Mocko, F. M. Nortier, B. W. Stein, S. L. Thiemann, and C. Vermeulen, 2019: Large-scale production of 119mTe and 119Sb for radiopharmaceutical applications. ACS Cent. Sci., 5, 494-505.
Ebran, A., et al., (LANL authors: M. Jandel, E. M. Bond, T. A. Bredeweg, A. Couture, F. M. Nortier, J. M. O'Donnell, W. A. Taylor, J. L. Ullmann, D. J. Vieira) 2019: Cross section for the neutron radiative capture on 173Lu nuclei. Phys. Rev. C, 99, 064603.
Engle, J. W., et al., (LANL author: F. M. Nortier), 2019: Recommended nuclear data for the production of selected therapeutic radionuclides. Nucl. Data Sheets, 155, 56-74.
Ferrier, M. G., et al., (LANL authors: B. W. Stein, S. E. Bone, S. K. Cary, S. A. Kozimor, V. Mocko) 2019: The coordination chemistry of CmIII, AMIII, and ACIII in nitrate solutions: An actinide L3-edge EXAFS study. Chem. Sci., 9, 7078-7090.
Friend, M. T., T. Mastren, T. G. Parker, C. E. Vermeulen, M. Brugh, E. R. Birnbaum, F. M. Nortier, and M. E. Fassbender, 2019: Production of 230Pa by proton irradiation of 232Th at the LANL isotope production facility: Precursor of 230U for targeted alpha therapy. Appl. Radiat. Isot., in press.
Makvandi, M., et al., (LANL authors: J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier, M. E. Fassbender, E. R. Birnbaum, R. W. Atcher, K. D. John) 2019: Alpha emitters and targeted alpha therapy in oncology: From basic science to clinical investigations. Targ. Oncol., 13, 189-203.
Mastren, T., C. Vermeulen, M. Brugh, E. R. Birnbaum, M. F. Nortier, and M. E. Fassbender, 2019: Natural nickel as a proton beam energy monitor for energies ranging from 15 to 30 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 443, 1-4.
Tarkanyi, F. T., et al., (LANL authors: J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier) 2019: Recommended nuclear data for medical nuclide production: Diagnostic gamma emitters. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 319, 487-531.
Tarkanyi, F. T., et al., (LANL authors: J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier) 2019: Recommended nuclear data for medical nuclide production: diagnostic positron emitters. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 319, 533-666.
Hermanne, A., et al., (LANL authors: J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier) 2018: Reference cross sections for charged-particle monitor reactions. Nucl. Data Sheets, 148, 338-382.
Hopkins, P. D., et al., (LANL authors: T. Mastren, M. Brugh, K. D. John, M. F. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, M. Fassbender) 2018: Synthesis and radiometric evaluation of diglycolamide functionalized mesoporous silica for the chromatographic separation of actinides Th, Pa and U. Dalton Trans., 47, 5189-5195.
Mastren, T., et al., (LANL authors: V. Radchenko, J. W. Engle, J. W. Weidner, M. Brugh, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, M. E. Fassbender), 2018: Chromatographic separation of the theranostic radionuclide 111Ag from a proton irradiated thorium matrix. Analytica Chimica Acta, 998, 75-82.
Mastren, T., et al., (LANL authors: B. W. Stein, T. G. Parker, V. Radchenko, M. Brugh, S. A. Kozimor, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, M. E. Fassbender) 2018: Separation of protactinium employing sulfur-based extraction chromatographic resins. Anal. Chem., 90, 7012-7017.
Mastren, T., et al., (LANL authors: V. Radchenko, J. W. Engle, J. W. Weidner, M. Brugh, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, M. E. Fassbender) 2018: Chromatographic separation of the theranostic radionuclide 111Ag from a proton irradiated thorium matrix. Anal. Chim. Acta, 998, 75-82.
O'Brien, E. M., J. M. Doster, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Olivas, and M. H. Stokely, 2018: Two-way multi-physics coupling for modeling high power RbCl isotope production targets. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B, 433, 15-22.
Stein, B. W., S. K. Cary, J. M. Berg, E. R. Birnbaum, S. A. Kozimor, V. Mocko, and B. L. Scott, 2018: A series of f-element chelators: Diaza crown ethers functionalized with catecholate binding substituents. J. Organoment. Chem., 857, 170-179.
Voyles, A. S., et al., (LANL authors: E. R. Birnbaum, T. Kawano, F. M. Nortier) 2018: Excitation functions for (p,x) reactions of niobium in the energy range of Ep = 40–90MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. B. 429, 53-74.
Balkin, E. R., et al., (LANL author: M. E. Fassbender) 2017: Scale-up of high specific activity 186gRe production using graphite-encased thick 186W targets and demonstration of an efficient target recycling process. Radiochim. Acta, 105, 1071-1081.
Bene, B. J., W. A. Taylor, E. R. Birnbaum, and R. Sudowe, 2017: Chromatographic separation of thulium from erbium for neutron cross section measurement – Part II: Preparative scale separation. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 311, 155–163.
Ferrier, M. G., et al., (LANL authors: B. W. Stein, E. R. Batista, J. M. Berg, E. R. Birnbaum, J. W. Engle, K. D. John, S. A. Kozimor, L. N. Redman) 2017: Synthesis and characterization of the actinium aquo ion. ACS Cent. Sci., 3, 176–185.
Jerome, S. M., et al., (LANL authors: M. E. Fassbender, S. P. LaMont, F. M. Nortier) 2017: Reference materials for neptunium determination. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 126, 44-48.
Mastren, T., et al., (LANL authors: V. Radchenko, P. D. Hopkins, J. W. Engle, J. W. Weidner, M. Brugh, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, M. E. Fassbender) 2017: Separation of 103Ru from a proton irradiated thorium matrix: A potential source of Auger therapy radionuclide 103mRh. PLoS One, 12, e0190308.
Mastren, T., et al., (LANL authors: V. Radchenko, H. T. Bach, E. R. Birnbaum, M. Brugh, J. W. Engle, K. E. John, J. R. Maassen, C. M. Naranjo, F. M. Nortier, M. E. Fassbender) 2017: Bulk production and evaluation of high specific activity 186gRe for cancer therapy using enriched 186WO3 targets in a proton beam. Nucl. Med. Biol., 49, 24–29. (cover article)
Mastren, T., et al., (LANL authors: V. Radchenko, M. Brugh, J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, M. E. Fassbender) 2017: Simultaneous separation of actinium and radium isotopes from a proton irradiated throum matrix. Scientific Reports, 7, 8216.
Mosby, M. A., E. R. Birnbaum, F. M. Nortier, and J. W. Engle, 2017: Cross sections for proton-induced reactions on natSb up to 68 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 412, 34-40.
Radchenko, V., et al., (LANL authors: T. Mastren, C. A. L. Meyer, J. W. Engle, J. J. Wilson, E. R. Birnbaum, F. M. Nortier, D. K. John, M. E. Fassbender) 2017: Radiometric evaluation of diglycolamide resins for the chromatographic separation of actinium from fission products lanthanides. Talanta, 175, 318-324.
Radchenko, V., et al., (LANL authors: J. W. Engle, J. M. Maassen, C. M. Naranjo, G. A. Unc, C. A. L. Meyer, T. Mastren, M. Brugh, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, F. M. Nortier, M. E. Fassbender) 2017: Proton-induced production and radiochemical isolation of 44Ti from scandium metal targets for 44Ti/44Sc generator development. Nucl. Med. Biol., 50, 25-32.
Thiabaud, G., V. Radchenko, J. J. Wilson, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and J. L. Sessler, 2017: Rapid insertion of bismuth radioactive isotopes in texaphyrin in aqueous media. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines, 21, 882-886.
Balkin, E. R., et al., (LANL author: M. E. Fassbender) 2016: Deuteron irradiation of W and WO3 for production of high specific activity 186Re: Challenges associated with thick target preparation. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 115, 197-207.
Croce, M. P., et al., (LANL authors: M. W. Rabin, V. Mocko, G. J. Kunde, E. R. Birnbaum, E. M. Bond, J. W. Engle, A. S. Hoover, F. M. Nortier, A. D. Pollington, W. A. Taylor, N. R. Weisse-Bernstein, L. E. Wolfsberg) 2016: Development of holmium-163 electron-capture spectroscopy with transition-edge sensors. J. Low Temp. Phys., 184, 958–968.
Demoin, D. W., et al., (LANL author: M. E. Fassbender) 2016: Monooxorhenium(V) complexes with 222-N2S2 MAMA ligands for bifunctional chelator agents: Syntheses and preliminary in vivo evaluation. Nucl. Med. Biol., 43, 802–811.
Engle, J. W., S. G. Mashnik, L. A. Parker, K. R. Jackman, L. J. Bitticker, J. L. Ullmann, M. S. Gulley, C. Pillai, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and F. M. Nortier, 2016: Nuclear excitation functions from 40-200 MeV proton irradiation of terbium. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 366, 206-216.
Ferrier, M. G., et al., (LANL authors: E. R. Batista, J. M. Berg, E. R. Birnbaum, J. N. Cross, J. W. Engle, H. S. La Pierre, S. A. Kozimor, B. W. Stein) 2016: Spectroscopic and computational investigation of actinium coordination chemistry. Nat. Commun., 7, 12312.
Gott, M. D., et al., (LANL author: M. E. Fassbender) 2016: Accelerator-based production of the 99mTc-186Re diagnostic-therapeutic pair using metal disulfide targets (MoS2, WS2, OsS2). Appl. Radiat. Isot., 114, 159–166.
Graves, S. A., et al., (LANL authors: E. R. Birnbaum, F. M. Nortier, J. W. Engle) 2016: Nuclear excitation functions of proton-induced reactions (Ep = 35-90 MeV) from Fe, Cu, and Al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 386, 44–53.
Griswold, J. R., et al., (LANL authors: J. W. Engle, V. Radchenko, J. C. Cooley, M. E. Fassbender, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, F. M. Nortier) 2016: Large scale accelerator production of 225Ac: Effective cross sections for 78-192 MeV protons incident on 232Th targets. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 118, 366–374.
Mosby, M. A., J. W. Engle, K. R. Jackman, F. M. Nortier, and E. R. Birnbaum, 2016: Determination of spallation neutron flux through spectral adjustment techniques. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 381, 29–33.
Radchenko, V., J. W. Engle, J. J. Wilson, J. R. Maassen, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, and M. E. Fassbender, 2016: Formation cross-sections and chromatographic separation of protactinium isotopes formed in proton-irradiated thorium metal. Radiochimca Acta., 104, 291–304.
Radchenko, V., C. A. L Meyer, J. W. Engle, C. M. Naranjo, G. A. Unc, T. Mastren, M. Brugh, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, F. M. Nortier, and M. E. Fassbender, 2016: Separation of Ti-44 from proton irradiated scandium by using solid-phase extraction chromatography and design of Ti-44/Sc-44 generator system. J. Chromatography A., 1477, 39–46.
Bach, H. T., et al., (LANL authors: O. Anderoglu, T. A. Saleh, T. J. Romero, C. T. Kelsey, E. R. Olivas, P. O. Dickerson, M. A. Connors, K. D. John, S. A. Maloy) 2015: Proton irradiation damage of an annealed Alloy 178 beam window. J. Nucl. Mater., 459, 103-113.
Marus, L. A., J. W. Engle, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and F. M. Nortier, 2015: Experimental and computational techniques for the analysis of proton beam propagation through a target stack. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B, 345, 48-52.
Mocko, V., et al., (LANL authors: W. A. Taylor, F. M. Nortier, J. W. Engle, A. D. Pollington, G. J. Kunde, M. W. Rabin, E. R. Birnbaum) 2015: Isolation of 163Ho from dysprosium target material by HPLC for neutrino mass measurements. Radiochimca Acta, 103, 577-585.
Radchenko, V., J. W. Engle, J. J. Wilson, J. R. Maassen, F. M. Nortier, W. A. Taylor, E. R. Birnbaum, L. A. Hudston, K. D. John, and M. E. Fassbender, 2015: Application of ion exchange and extraction chromatography to the separation of actinium from proton-irradiated thorium metal for analytical purposes. J. Chromatogr. A, 1380, 55-63.
Wilson, J. J., E. R. Birnbaum, E. R. Batista, R. L. Martin, and K. D. John, 2015: Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands and an investigation of their coordination chemistry with lanthanum(III). Inorg. Chem., 54, 97-109.
Wilson, J. J., M. Ferrier, V. Radchenko, J. R. Maassen, J. W. Engle, E. R. Batista, R. L. Martin, F. M. Nortier, M. E. Fassbender, K. D. John, and E. R. Birnbaum, 2015: Evaluation of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands for the chelation of therapeutic bismuth radioisotopes. Nucl. Med. Biol., 42, 428-438.
Engle, J. W., M. R. James, S. G. Mashnik, C. T. Kelsey, L. E. Wolfsberg, D. A. Reass, M. A. Connors, H. T. Bach, M. E. Fassbender, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and F. M. Nortier, 2014: MCNPX characterization of the secondary neutron flux at the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility. Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B, 754, 71-82.
Engle, J. W., et al., (LANL authors: B. D. Ballard, M. E. Fassbender, L. A. Hudston, K. R. Jackman, D. E. Dry, L. E. Wolfsberg, L. J. Bitteker, J. L. Ullmann, M. S. Gulley, C. Pillai, G. Goff, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, S. G. Mashnik, F. M. Nortier) 2014: Ac, La, and Ce radioimpurities in 225Ac produced in 40-200 MeV proton irradiations of thorium. Radiochimca Acta, 102, 569-581.
Gott, M. D., et al., (LANL authors: B. D. Ballard, L. N. Redman, J. R. Maassen, W. A. Taylor, J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, M. E. Fassbender) 2014: Radiochemical study of Re/w adsorption behavior on a strongly basic anion exchange resin. Radiochimica Acta, 102, 325-332.
Jackman, K. R., J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and D. E. Norman, 2014: Synthetic spectra for radioactive strontium production QA/QC. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 302, 347-352.
Roig, O., et al., (LANL authors: E. M. Bond, T. A. Bredeweg, A. Couture, R. C. Haight, M. Jandel, F. M. Nortier, J. M. O'Donnell, R. S. Rundberg, W. A. Taylor, J. L. Ullmann, D. J. Vieira) 2014: Measurement of 173Lu(n,ϒ) cross section at DANCE. Nucl. Data Sheets, 119, 165-168.
Wycoff, D. E., et al., (LANL authors: B. Ballard, M. E. Fassbender) 2014: Chromatographic separation of selenium and arsenic: A potential 72Se/72As generator. J. Chromatogr. A, 1340, 109-114.
Bach, H. T., et al., (LANL authors: T. N. Claytor, J. F. Hunter, E. R. Olivas, C. T. Kelsey, J. W. Engle, F. M. Nortier, W. H. Runde, K. D. John) 2013: Improving the survivability of Nb-encapsulated Ga targets for the production of 68Ge. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 299, 32-41.
Engle, J. W., E. R. Birnbaum, H. R. Trellue, K. D. John, M. W. Rabin, and F. M. Nortier, 2013: Evaluation of 163Ho production options for neutrino mass measurements with microcalorimeter detectors. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B., 311, 131-138.
Engle, J. W., E. R. Birnbaum, F. M. Nortier, J. Rau, K. D. John, and H. R. Trellue, 2013: Purification of 242Pu by irradiation with thermal neutrons. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 298, 70-75.
Engle, J. W., S. G. Mashnik, J. W. Weidner, L. E. Wolfsberg, M. E. Fassbender, K. Jackman, A. Couture, L. J. Bitteker, J. L. Ullmann, M. S. Gulley, C. Pillai, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and F. M. Nortier, 2013: Cross sections from proton irradiation of thorium at 800 MeV. Phys. Rev. C, 88, 014604.
Fassbender, M. E., et al., (LANL authors: B. Ballard, E. R. Birnbaum, J. W. Engle, K. D. John, J. R. Maassen, F. M. Nortier) 2013: Proton irradiation parameters and chemical separation procedure for the bulk production of high-specific activity 186gRe using WO3 targets. Radiochimica Acta, 101, 339-346.
Winkler, B., C. R. Stanek, W. A. Taylor, L. Wolfsberg, B. L. Scott, R. M. Dickerson, W. Morgenroth, and L. Bayarjargal, 2013: Synthesis and characterization of 55Fe2O3 for the investigation of radioparagenesis. Solid State Sci., 18, 58-63.
Ballard, B., et al., (LANL authors: E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, F. M. Nortier, M. E. Fassbender) 2012: Selenium-72 formation via natBr(p,x) induced by 100 MeV protons: Steps towards a novel 72Se/72As generator system. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 70, 595-601.
Ballard, B., F. M. Nortier, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, D. R. Phillips, and M. E. Fassbender, 2012: Radioarsenic from a portable 72Se/72As generator: A current perspective. Curr. Radiopharm., 5, 264-270.
Engle, J. W., C. T. Kelsey, H. Bach, B. D. Ballard, M. E. Fassbender, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and F. M. Nortier, 2012: Preliminary investigation of parasitic radioisotope production using the LANL IPF secondary neutron flux. AIP Conf. Proc., 1509, 171-175.
Engle, J. W., H. Bach, A. Couture, R. Gritzo, D. M. Smith, L. J. Bitteker, J. L. Ullmann, M. Gulley, C. Pillai, E. R. Birnbaum, K. D. John, and F. M. Nortier, 2012: Cross sections for proton induced reactions on terbium at 200 MeV. AIP Conf. Proc., 1509, 152-156.
Engle, J. W., S. G. Mashnik, H. Bach, A. Couture, K. Jackman, R. Gritzo, B. D. Ballard, M. Fassbender, D. M. Smith, L. J. Bitteker, J. L. Ullmann, M. S. Gulley, C. Pillai, K. D. John, E. R. Birnbaum, and F. M. Nortier, 2012: Cross sections from 800 MeV proton irradiation of terbiam. Nuc. Phys. A., 893, 87-100.
Fassbender, M., W. Taylor, D. Vieira, M. Nortier, H. Bach, and K. D. John, 2012: Proton beam simulation with MCNPX/CINDER'90: Germanium metal activation estimates below 30 MeV relevant to the bulk production of arsenic radioisotopes. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 70, 72-75.
Jurisson, S. S., et al., (LANL authors: M. E. Fassbender, B. Ballard) 2012: Separation methods for high specific activity radioarsenic. AIP Conf. Proc., 1509, 215-217.
Weidner, J. W., S. G. Mashnik, K. D. John, B. Ballard, E. R. Birnbaum, L. J. Bitteker, A. Couture, M. E. Fassbender, G. S. Goff, R. Gritzo, F. M. Hemez, W. Runde, J. L. Ullmann, L. E. Wolfsberg, and F. M. Nortier, 2012: 225Ac and 223Ra production via 800 MeV proton irradiation of natural thorium targets. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 11, 2590-2595.
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Fassbender, M., H. Bach, E. Bond, F. M. Nortier, and D. Viera, 2009: Preparation of thin arsenic and radioarsenic targets for neutron capture studies. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 282, 365-368.
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Fassbender, M., A. Arzumanov, D. J. Jamriska, S. N. Lyssukhin, H. Trellue, and L. S. Waters, 2007: Proton beam simulation with MCNPX: Gallium metal activation estimates below 30 MeV relevant to the bulk production of 68Ge and 65Zn. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 261, 742-746.
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